12. Menulis Artikel untuk Terbitan Dalam Jurnal. Jom Tulis Tesis.
Okay jom kita tulis artikel. Biasanya pelajar master atau pelajar PhD diwajibkan untuk menulis artikel untuk terbitan. Jadi saya boleh ajar serba ringkas ya bagaimana kita nak tulis artikel yang baik yang boleh kita terbitkan. Jadi, pada pelajar yang belum pernah terbit dia akan rasa banggalah. Biasanya artikel dalam jurnal atau bab dalam buku, biasanya hampir sama. Jadi kita ada disini, kita ada tajuk, tajuk mestilah yang menarik ya yang menarik sehingga orang nak baca artikel kita. Kita sertakan abstrak, abstrak kita terpulang kepada jurnal tersebut yang mempunyai berapa patah perkataan kadang-kadang antara 250 hingga 300. Kemudian ada pengenalan, ada sorotan kajian. Sorotan kajian ni terpulang kepada penulis masing-masing. Kadang-kandang dia tak letak perkataan sorotan kajian, dia letak tajuk macam contoh ‘Animasi Cerita Rakyat’, dia letak tu dalam tu merupakan sorotan. Kemudian ada metodologi, keputusan dan perbincangan, kesimpulan, dan rujukan. Bukan bibliografi dah ia rujukan. Jadi, dalam yang ini kita mula-mula fokus kepada tajuk, tajuk tu kenalah menarik, biasanya tajuk tu kalau jurnal ke artikel ke biasanya tak boleh lebih daripada 20 patah perkataan. Jadi abstrak ini kita kalau tulis dalam bahasa Melayu kita tulis abstrak bahasa Melayu disertakan dengan abstrak bahasa Inggeris supaya ia lebih jelas. Dalam abstrak ini kita akan letak macam contohnya ayat lebih kurang lima ayat, empat atau lima ayat macam ayat mukadimah la ni. Mukadimah ni contohnya kita letak seperti latar belakang dan juga masalah yang dihadapi, masalah kajian sehingga timbulnya kita nak buat yang ini. Ayat ini diikuti dengan ayat objektif, kemudian ada metodologi. Metodologi ini kita kena letak la kalau ada sampel-sampel dan seterusnyalah sampai lokasi, kalau tak de tak payah letak macam tu. Lokasi kemudian semualah sehingga ke teori. Prosedur kena ada, cara analisis macam mana, analisis kena ada, kemudian daripada huraian kat sini kita letakkan kita punya keputusan, keputusan kajian kita tu kita letak dalam abstrak ni lah. Kita letak keputusan dan ayat akhir kita akan letak apa yang awak harapkan dalam kajian akan datang. Diharapkan kajian akan datang akan memberi fokus kepada apa dia, apa dia, apa dia. Ayat akhir mesti ada. Kemudian disertai dengan kata kunci. Okay kata kunci biasanya ada lima, kata kunci ada lima. Dan diteruskan dengan pengenalan. Biasanya pengenalan ini awak boleh letak dalam lebih kurang ya lah kita nak memperkenal ni kita letaklah kita punya latar belakang, kita nak ceritalah tentang apa nama ciri-ciri apa benda yang berkaitan dengan tajuk kita tu tadi. Jadi pengenalan ini kadang-kadang awak letak dalam satu perenggan, ini agak penting ya kerana ada jurnal yang dia sangat-sangat pertaturan dia sangat ketat ya. Pengenalan ni adalah orang, ada orang letak dalam bentuk sorotan pula dalam tu. Jadi itu yang kena reject. Jadi terpulang kepada jurnal yang ada lah, terpulang. Baca balik apa arahan yang diberi. Yang satu perenggan ni letak macam latar belakang tersebut. Kemudian masuk yang sorotan. Jadi ini satu perenggan ya. Sorotan tu tadi macam saya kata, awak boleh letak perkataan sorotan kajian ataupun awak boleh letak tajuk dia macam contohnya ‘Animasi Cerita Rakyat’, boleh antara dua, jadi sorotkan. Yang ini awak letak dalam empat perenggan, okay letak dalam empat perenggan yang mempunyai sorotan kajian lima tahun kebelakang sahaja. Okay, lima tahun kebelakang, dan juga perlu kritis. Jangan, macam yang saya ajar dalam Bab 2, kalau tak kritiskan, dia berdiri dengan sendiri je tak boleh macam tu. Maknanya, letak yang kritis. Maknanya bila huraian dalam satu perenggan tu ada satu nama, kemudian sokonglah dengan kajian-kajian yang lain, selari ke, hampir sama ke, sokong ke, letak kat situ. Juga letak yang negatif juga yang seperti ‘kajian ini, kajian Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2019 didapati tidak bersetuju dengan kajian yang dijalankan oleh ni, ni, ni, ni”, letakkan kepada dia tak setuju tu. Kena, itu namanya kritis mencari persamaan dan perbezaan. Okay ini dah empat perenggan dah, sebelum habis je daripada sorotan kajian itu ada ayat objektif. Ayat objektif ya, bukan satu subtopik. Biasanya ayat sahaja, dalam satu ayat iaitu justeru kajian ini ialah justeru daripada sorotan, masalah kajian ni semua ada jurang penyelidikan ya. Dalam sini semua ada jurang penyelidikan. Jadi, justeru kajian ini ingin mengenal pasti dan membincangkan apa dia, apa dia, apa dia, apa dia, satu ayat je. Jadi ini satu ayat, iaitu selepas sorotan kajian. Maknanya ini dah perenggan lain, ini perenggan baru. Jadi ini perenggan lainlah. Okay perenggan lain. Jadi perenggan tu ada satu je ayat. Kemudian terus masuk tajuk metodologi. Metodologi ini awak kena lengkapkanlah semua yang ada kat dalam metodologi awak huraikan. Awak kena huraikan macam sebiji yang ada dalam tesislah. Ada sampel, ada lokasi, ada prosedur, ada analisis, ada bahan, kalau misalnya ada bahan tu awak kena letak pulak sinopsis bahan, iya lah sinopsis novel contoh dia, sinopsis cerpen contohnya, sinopsis apa sahaja ceritakan ada lah ni semua ada. Jadi, ini ada prosedur, ini ada analisis, ha ini awak boleh rujuk, rujuk balik dalam bab metodologi penulisan tesis letak kat dalam ni. Kemudian barulah masuk tajuk keputusan dan perbincangan. Jadi dalam keputusan dan perbincangan ini, yang ini tadi teori pon kena ada ya dalam metodologi, keputusan dan perbicangan ini dia punya subtajuk kena lah kalau misalnya awak ikut teori, subtajuk mesti mengikut teorilah. Contohnya, ‘kandungan dalam interaksi perbualan’, contoh dia. Jadi maknanya, tajuk ini merupakan daripada teori. Ha lepas tu ada lah lagi ‘konteks dalam interaksi perbualan’, ‘andaian dalam interaksi perbualan’, ha begitu. Jadi ada lah disitu, huraian dia dalam ni samalah macam huraian dalam Bab 4, tak de masalah. Jadi yang ini terpulanglah, dia punya perenggan terpulang pada teori awak pilih. Kita ada banyak teori. Saya bagi yang teori analisis wacana ni teori yang saya ingat sekarang. Ada banyak lagi teori, teori kejuruteraan lain, teori sains lain, teori ekonomi lain, teori reka bentuk lain. Jadi berbeza. Lepas habis keputusan dan perbincangan, kita ada rumusan. Kalau kita tengok dekat sini ya, sebelum kesimpulan tu sebab kita ada nak rumuskan keputusan dan perbincangan, kita ada rumusan. Rumuskan, rumuskan dalam satu perenggan. Serupa juga dalam Bab 4 tesis kita, kita rumuskan, kita kena sokong. Sokong kajian yang atas tadi, dekat sorotan, yang ada dalam tesis lah. Maknanya yang ada dalam artikel. Jadi sokonglah itu, sokonglah teori. Cara penulisan dia sama dengan cara penulisan awak buat rumusan dalam Bab 4. Kemudian akhirnya, kesimpulan. Okay dalam kesimpulan ni, dalam ini saya dah jelaskan apa yang sepatutnya ada dalam kesimpulan. Okay dalam kesimpulan ni, menjelaskan manafaat yang diperoleh daripada keputusan kajian. Maknanya, awak jelaskan manafaat kepada siapa. Keputusan yang kita dapat ni manafaat kepada siapa. Awak jelaskan tiap-tiap satu dalam satu perenggan. Kemudian ayat akhir kesimpulan itu tadi, ini sama lah yang dengan awak manafaatnya tadi, memberi manafaat kepada siapa dalam kesimpulan. Dalam ini tidak perlu rujukan. Jangan ada rujukan pula dalam kesimpulan. Sebab kita dah ada rujukan dah sokong-sokong. Kesimpulan ni kita nk beri manfaat je jadi tk perlulah rujukan. Kemudian ayat akhir dalam kesimpulan kita letaklah ‘diharapkan kajian akan datang’, ingat tak ayat yang saya cakap tadi. Ayat tu ada dalam abstrak. Janganlah copy paste ubah la sikit ayat dia. Ada dalam abstrak iaitu ‘diharapkan kajian akan datang akan memberi fokus kepada lirik lagu cerita rakyat contoh dia. Jadi ada kaitanlah, ini macam cadangan kita, cadangan akan datang kita, inilah yang kita masuk dalam ayat akhir ni. Jadi dalam ini terpulang sebenarnya kepada jurnal atau bab dalam buku. Jumlah perkataan biasanya 5500. Ada yang orang kata jurnal yang sangat ketat dia punya peraturan, dia kata ‘okay satu artikel dia boleh terima 3000 je, jadi jangan lebih, kalau lebih biasanya dia suruh bayar. Terpulang kepada jurnal, ada jurnal dia kata ‘okay perlu 10000, ikut je lah patah perkataan dia. Ada jurnal dia punya subtopik ni berbeza. Subtopik berbeza, kita ikut ya. Terpulang kepada jurnal. Ini yang biasa. Ada jurnal yang kata ini, ini, ini, kita ubah la ikut jurnal itu. Jadi tulisan artikel ini untuk, artikel untuk jurnal, dan artikel untuk bab dalam buku pun sama sebenarnya. Penulisan ini memang biasanya kita kena ada. Kalau penulisan untuk pelajar sastera pun sama sebenarnya. Memang kena ada pengenalan, kena ada ni, ayat objektif, metodologi, keputusan dan perbincangan pun sama, cara penganalisis dia tengok lah awak nak pakai jadual, awak tak nak pakai jadual, awak nak sokong macam saya katakan awak nak sokong dekat rumusan ke, awak nak sokong dekat data ke masa huraian pon boleh takde masalah. Biasa ini adalah penulisan artikel, jurnal untuk semua bidang. Mungkin yang lain ialah terpulang kepada arahan yang di oleh jurnal tersebut. Jadi, yang penting juga, satu kena ada penanda wacana, ini kena ada lah, tiap-tiap halaman tesis kena ada, artikel pon ada. Nanti bila awak dh habis buat tesis, silap-silap hari bulan awak hafal semua beratus-ratus penanda wacana. Yang ada kat dalam buku ni sikit je, ha mungkin ada lagi banyak yang awak kena hafal. Penanda wacana mesti penting. Kemudian awak perlu semak banyak kali, semak dari segi ejaan, dari segi tatabahasa, semualah, semua kena semak. Pastu semak juga rujukan. Okay rujukan dalam artikel ada dalam artikel ada dalam rujukan, ada dalam rujukan ada dalam artikel. Ingat ya juga baca arahan tu berkali-kali. Dan juga yang penting yang macam saya kata tadi, kalau tajuk artikel tu tak menarik, orang pon tak nak baca. Kata kunci tu penting kerana di sini lah kalau kita taip kat google perkataan tu keluar kekadang artikel tu keseluruhan akan keluar. Jadi cari, kena pastikan semua kepentingan yang penting-penting ini semua ada dalam artikel awak. Kalau lihat disini, oh okay lupa saya, serupa juga dalam ini kena 70 peratus rujukan terkini. Jumlah semua semua artikel, semua rujukan, ini jumlah lima tahu kebelakang darab seratus sama dengan mesti 70 peratus. Dan juga kebanyakan artikel lah semua artikel pastikan tahun yang awak hantar artikel itu contohnya 2020, artikel yang 2020 ni mesti ada sekurang-kurangnya tiga. Mesti ada tahun terkini itu mesti ada tiga. Janganlah misalnya awak hantar artikel tu 2020, 2020 punya rujukan satu pon tak de, tak boleh, kena ada. Jadi jumlah tu kena kali dengan 70 peratus, dalam 70 peratus ni ada minima tiga artikel yang tahun itu, tahun yang hantar. Saya rasa kalau macam buat artikel ni tak susah, sebab kajian yang awak dah buat daripada tesis tu tadi sebenarnya awak boleh ambik, ubah ayat dia jadikan artikel, sebab kita ni sebagai penyelidik kita kutip data, kadang-kadang data tu berlebih-lebih, iya lah kita kena kutip data yang lebih janganlah kutip data ngam-ngam sebab nanti kang tak boleh nak kita pakai dalam tu. Jadi sebab itulah bila kadang-kadang tanya, pelajar tanya saya ‘Prof, saya punya data, saya dah ambik, saya temu bual pelajar ni, tapi kebetulan pulak kawan kepada pelajar tersebut dok berdiri je kat tepi tu, dia nak sangat ditemu bual, saya pon temu bual, jadi maknanya data saya lebih’, baguslah saya kata. Sebab nanti mungkin data yang ini tak cukup kita boleh pakai data yang itu. Ha jadi kita bersedia dengan data yang lebih. Biarlah lebih, kalau kurang kang jenuh la pula kena tunggu luar pagar lagi sekali. Heh tapi salah etika ya, tunggu luar pagar luar pagar tu semua salah etika. Perlu mohon kebenaran untuk mengutip data. Kebenaran kementerian kalau nak pergi sekolah, kementerian daripada sekolah, semua kena perlukan kebenaran. Awak nak kebenaran nak ambik data daripada anak buah kat rumah, anak kakak, anak abang kat rumah pun perlu kebenaran. Mahu abang dengan kakak tak bertegur lima tahun kalau ambik video anak dia, lepas tu masukkan data dalam tesis, mahu tak bertegur lima tahun kan tak dapat duit raya. Jadi pastikan dapat kebenaran. Biasanya ada kebenaran bertulis. Kalau kebenaran yang video pun ada, kan kena saman. Kalau kena saman kan sekurang-kurang awak ada ‘ini dia sebenarnya kebenaran saya dapati’ ataupun kalau misalnya dia kata ‘mana kebenaran awak, awak disaman ni 250,000 sebab tak berkebenaran awak temu bual pekerja saya’, daripada syarikat holding mana-mana. Jadi awak cakap ‘oh saya ada kebenaran daripada ini kebetulan dia punya pengurus besar dia kata boleh videokan, videokan gambar dia mengatakan kebenaran’, ha pakai je la yang itu pun boleh. Jadi pastikan ada kebenaran. Artikel ni semua ada kebenaran. Letakkan nama sampel contohnya, janganlah letak nama sebenar ya, jangan letak nama sebenar, letaklah nombor. Karang kan jenuhlah budak yang nama dia, nama pelajar itu contohnya Muhamad Yusof, ha ada lebih kurang 450 Muhamad Yusof datang tuntut saman ‘kenapa guna nama saya dalam ini?’. Okay.
TERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGERIS.
12. Writing Articles for Publication in Journals. Let's Write a Thesis.
Okay let's write an article. Usually master students or PhD students are required to write articles for publication. So, I can teach you briefly how we want to write a good article that we can publish. So, for students who have never been published he will feel proud. Usually articles in journals or chapters in books, are usually almost the same. So, here we have a title, the title must be interesting, interesting title so people want to read our article. We include the abstract, our abstract is up to the journal which has how many words sometimes between 250 to 300. Then there is the introduction, there is a literature review. The literature review are up to the respective authors. Sometimes he did not put the word of literature review, he put a title like for example 'Animation of Folklore', he put it inside a literature review. Then there are methodologies, results and discussions, conclusions, and references. It is not a bibliography, it is a reference. So, in this one we first focus on the title, the title should be interesting, usually the title if the journal to the article to usually can not be more than 20 words. So, this abstract if we write in Malay language abstracts writing accompanied by an abstract in English to make it more clear. In this abstract we will place an example of a sentence of about five sentences, four or five sentences like the preamble verse here. For example, we put this preface as the background and also the problems faced, the problems of the study until the emergence we want to do this. This sentence is followed by an objective sentence, then there is a methodology. We have to put this methodology if there are samples and then go to the location, otherwise you don't have to place it like that. The location is then all up to theory. There must be a procedure, what kind of analysis, there should be an analysis, then from the description here we put we have the results, we put the results of our study in this abstract. We put the results and our final sentence will put what you expect in the next study. Hopefully future studies will focus on what, what, what. The last sentence must be there. Then accompanied by keywords. Okay keywords are usually five, keywords are five. And continued with the introduction. Usually this introduction you can put in more or less, we want to introduce this we have to put a background, we want to tell you about the name of the features and things that are related to our title just now. So, this introduction sometimes you put in one paragraph, this is quite important because there is a journal that have a rules he is very strict. This introduction, there are people placed in the form of literature review in there. So that's what to reject. So it depends on the existing journal, it depends. Read back what instructions were given. This one paragraph is like the background. Then enter the literature review. So, this in one paragraph. The literature review was like I said, you can put the word literature review or you can put the title of it like for example 'Animation of Folklore', can be between two, so highlight. This one you put in four paragraphs, okay put in four paragraphs that have highlighted the study five years ago only. Okay, five years ago, and also need to be critical. No, as I taught in Chapter 2, if you do not criticize him, he will stand on his own and cannot do that. Meaning, make it critical. This means that when the description in one paragraph has a name, then support it with other studies, parallel to, almost the same to, support to, put it there. Also put negative ones like ‘this study, Normaliza Abd Rahim’s study, 2019 was found to disagree with the study conducted by this, this, this, this”, put it to him who disagreed. It’s must, that's critis find the similarities and differences. Okay, these are four paragraphs, before the end of the literature review there are objective sentences. The objective sentence is not a subtopic. Usually just a sentence, in one sentence that is why this study is therefore from the spotlight, the problem of this study is all there is a research gap. In this all there is a research gap. So, therefore this study wants to identify and discuss what, what, what, what, one sentence only. So, this is a sentence, that is, after the highlight of the study. This means that this is another paragraph, this is a new paragraph. So, this is another paragraph. Okay another paragraph. So, that paragraph has one verse. Then continue to enter the title of the methodology. You have to complete all this methodology in the methodology you describe. You have to describe like the one in the thesis. There is a sample, there is a location, there is a procedure, there is an analysis, there is material, if for example there is material you have to put a synopsis of material, yes it is a synopsis of novels for example, synopsis of short stories for example, synopsis of whatever story there is. So, this is a procedure, this is an analysis, ha this you can refer to, refer back in the chapter on the methodology of writing a thesis put in here. Then enter the title of the decision and discussion. So, in this decision and discussion, this is the pound theory there must be in the methodology, decision and discussion he has the right subtitle, if for example you follow the theory, the subtitle must follow the theory. For example, ‘content in conversation interactions’, for example. So, that means this title is from theory. Then there is another ‘context in conversation interaction’, ‘assumption in conversation interaction’, like that. So, there it is, the description in this is the same as the description in Chapter 4, no problem. So, this one depends, has a paragraph depending on the theory you choose. We have many theories. I share this theory of discourse analysis theory that I remember now. There are many more theories, engineering theories are different, science theories are different, economic theories are different, design theories are different. So, it’s different. After the decision and discussion, we have a conclusion. If we look closely here, before that conclusion because we want to formulate decisions and discussions, we have formulations. Summarize, summarize in one paragraph. Similarly in Chapter 4 of our thesis, we formulate, we have to support. Support the above study, near the highlight, which is in the thesis. The meaning is in the article. So, support that, support theory. The way to writes is the same as the way you write the summary in Chapter 4. Then finally, the conclusion. Okay in this conclusion, in this I have explained what should be in the conclusion. Okay in this conclusion, explain the benefits derived from the results of the study. Meaning, you explain the benefits to whom. The results we get are beneficial to whom. You explain each one in a paragraph. Then the last sentence of the conclusion just now, this is the same with you the benefits just now, give benefits to whom in the conclusion. In this there is no need for reference. Do not have any references in the conclusion. Because we already have references and support. This conclusion we will give benefits so there is no need for reference. Then the last sentence in our conclusion is 'hopefully the next study', remember the sentence I said earlier. That verse is in the abstract. Do not copy and paste a few verses. There is in the abstract that ‘hopefully the next study will focus on the lyrics of folklore songs example him. So there is a connection, this is like our suggestion, our next suggestion, this is what we enter in this last sentence. So in this it really depends on the journal or chapter in the book. The number of words is usually 5500. Some people say a very strict journal has rules, he says ‘okay one article he can accept 3000 only, so don’t overdo it, if more he usually tells you to pay. Depending on the journal, there is a journal he said ‘okay need 10000, just follow the number of words. There are journals has different subtopics. Subtopics are different, we must follow. Depends on the journal. This is normal. There is a journal that says this, this, this, we change it to follow that journal. So, the writing of this article for, articles for journals, and articles for chapters in books are actually the same. This writing is usually what we have to have. If writing for literary students is actually the same. There must be an introduction, there must be this, the objective sentence, methodology, results and discussion are the same, the way the analyst sees it is you want to use the schedule, you do not want to use the schedule, you want to support like I said you want to support near the formula, you want to support close data to the time of pound description can be no problem. This is usually the writing of articles, journals for all fields. Perhaps the rest is up to the instructions given by the journal. So, the important thing is, one has to have a discourse marker, this has to be there, every thesis page has to exist, the article has pounds. Later when you finish your thesis, you mistakenly memorize all the hundreds of discourse markers on the day of the month. The ones in this book are a little je, ha maybe there is a lot more you have to memorize. Discourse markers must be important. Then you have to check many times, check in terms of spelling, in terms of grammar, everything, everything has to be checked. Also check the reference. Okay the reference in the article is, in the article there is in the reference, there is in the reference there is in the article. Remember to read the instructions many times. And also the important thing like I said earlier, if the title of the article is not interesting, people do not want to read. The keyword is important because this is where if we type in google the word comes out sometimes the whole article will come out. So look, you have to make sure all these important interests are all in your article. If you look here, oh okay forget me, similar in this need 70 percent latest reference. The sum of all all the articles, all the references, this is the sum of five know behind one hundred times equal to must 70 percent. And also most of the articles are all articles make sure the year you submit the article for example 2020, this 2020 article must have at least three. There must be a recent year that there must be three. Do not, for example, you submit the article 2020, 2020 has a one-pound reference, it is not allowed, it must be three. So, that number has to be multiplied by 70 percent, in this 70 percent there are a minimum of three articles that year, the year you submit. I think how to make this article is not difficult, because the study you did from the thesis earlier you can actually take, change the sentence he made into an article, because we as researchers we collect data, sometimes the data is too much, we have to collect more data do not collect data just enough because later you can not want us to use in there. So, that's why when sometimes ask, students ask me 'Prof, I have data, I have ambiguous, I interviewed this student, but it just so happened that a friend of the student was standing by the side, he really wanted to be interviewed, I pound interview, so that means my data is more ', well it’s good I said. Because later maybe this data is not enough we can use that data. Ha so we are ready with more data. Let it be more, if it is less saturated it will have to wait outside the fence again. Take not, that was a wrong ethics, wait outside the fence is all wrong ethics. Need permission to request data collection. Ministry permission if you want to go to school, ministry from school, everyone needs permission. You want permission to take data from the children at home, the children of the sisters, the children of the brothers at home also need permission. Want a brother and sister who have not been reprimanded for five years if you take a video of their child, then enter the data in the thesis, if you do not want to be reprimanded for five years, you will not get Hari Raya money. So, make sure you get the truth. There is usually written permission. If the truth of the video is there, you will be sued. If you are sued, at least you have ‘this is actually the truth I found’ or if for example he said ‘where is your permission, you are summoned 250,000 because you are not allowed to interview my employees’, from any holding company. So, you said ‘oh I have permission from this coincidentally he has a general manager he said can videotape, videotape he says the truth’, so it can be used it. So, make sure there is truth. This article is all true. Put a sample name for example, do not put the real name, do not put the real name, put the number. If not, boy whose name, the name of the student for example Muhamad Yusof, so there are about 450 Muhamad Yusof came to demand a suit ‘why use my name in this?’. Okay.
Rujukan:
Prof. Dr Normaliza Abd Rahim. (2020). 12. Menulis Artikel untuk Terbitan Dalam Jurnal. Jom Tulis Tesis. Diakses pada Januari 8, 2021 melalui pautan https://youtu.be/1Wvq6FToC9I
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